PHARMA PATENTS IN INDIA AND THE USA -A JURISTIC STUDY

National governments are routinely pressured by pharmaceutical industries, by means of their lobbying expenditures and political contributions, to protect their IP rights and set their own value-based, as opposed to value in health care, prices for the drugs they manufacture. At the same time, international organizations such as the World Trade Organization continue to strive to negotiate agreements (eg. Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, or TRIPS) to bring a meaningful balance between developed and developing nations because the latter face severe challenges of access to essential drugs and the courts are engaged in judicial activism to prevent evergreening and serve the common good while ruling on cases that appear before them. Hence. Pharma-Patents in India and the USA-a Juristic Study compares pharma-patents in India and the United States while examining the role of the World Trade Organization in bringing a balance between developed and developing nations via TRIPS and its impact on the Indian Patent Act 1970.

PROF. DR. A. LAKSHMINATH is a widely respected academic and educationist in law with more than fifty years of teaching, research and administrative experience. His contributions to the fields of constitutional law, jurisprudence and human rights have been widely recognized. Prof. Lakshminath was a Fulbright Professor at the University of Massachusetts, USA; Guest Faculty at the Fort Valley Stare University, USA: Visiting Professor, Banaras Hindu University; and Fellow of Salzburg Seminar. Austria. Prof Lakshminath has authored or co-authored 13 books and more than 160 articles in journals of national and international repute. He has edited 10 law journals and has been actively engaged in teaching and research at the graduate, postgraduate, doctoral and postdoctoral levels. In recognition of his contributions to research, he was bestowed with the Best Researcher Award by the Andhrs University in 1995-96 Prof Lakshminath received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Association of Educators for World Peace, Alabama, USA, in 2007 and the Dr. S. Radhakrishnan Education Award for 2008. He was conferred the Prof. N.R. Madhava Menon Best Law Teacher Award 2012 for SAARC countries for his long and distinguished services to the legal education and legal profession.

PROF. DR. KOMANDURI S. MURTY is the Alma Jones Endowment Professor of Social Justice and Chair of the Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences at Fort Valley State University, Georgia. USA. He is the author or co-author of over a dozen books and over 90 chapters and articles which have appeared in numerous books, encyclopedias and peer-reviewed journals Prof Murty served as professor and chairman of criminal justice and sociology for 25 years at Clark Atlanta University, where he received the 2005 Aldridge McMillan award for Outstanding Overall Achievement.

DR. J. DANIEL MEHAT, a research associate at Fort Valley State University, Georgia, USA, has a Ph.D. in Science (Chemistry) with Law A veteran tracher at all levels of education in India and USA, Dr. Mchar also works as adjunct faculty at the Georgia Piedmont Technical College, USA. He has served in the past as Chemistry coach to students appearing for national competitive exams such as EAMCET, AIEEE and ITT: His research interests include interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary areas in Chemistry and Law.